http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2025(X-IV).03
10.31703/gmsr.2025(X-IV).03
Published : Dec 2025
Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13
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<p style="text-align: justify;">The trajectory of Pakistan to the Sustainable Development Goal 13-Climate Action is at the nexus of great vulnerability, limited resources, and increased policy aspiration. Although Pakistan emits less than 1 percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the world, it is one of the most climate-sensitive nations in the world and it still experiences recurrent shocks due to floods, heatwaves, and droughts. In 2022, the floods impacted approximately 33 million individuals, and the damages were over 30 billion dollars; however, in 2025, extreme monsoon events retested preparedness. This paper summarizes findings on the risks of climate change, policymaking, mitigation and adaptation strategies, finance instruments, and implementation limitations. It claims that Pakistan is progressing in a real but unequal way: the presence of enabling laws and renewed NDCs is a pointer of intent, nature-based programs have grown, and efforts made to manage the disaster risk have also increased.</p>
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Pakistan, SDG 13, Climate Vulnerability, NDCs, Renewable Energy, Adaptation, Loss and Damage, Climate Finance.
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(1) Ayesha Rafiq
Gold Medalist, Peace And Conflict Studies, National Defence University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
(2) Qasim Ali Shah
PhD, Department of Developmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Cite this article
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APA : Rafiq, A., & Shah, Q. A. (2025). Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13. Global Management Sciences Review, X(IV), 27-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2025(X-IV).03
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CHICAGO : Rafiq, Ayesha, and Qasim Ali Shah. 2025. "Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13." Global Management Sciences Review, X (IV): 27-44 doi: 10.31703/gmsr.2025(X-IV).03
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HARVARD : RAFIQ, A. & SHAH, Q. A. 2025. Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13. Global Management Sciences Review, X, 27-44.
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MHRA : Rafiq, Ayesha, and Qasim Ali Shah. 2025. "Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13." Global Management Sciences Review, X: 27-44
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MLA : Rafiq, Ayesha, and Qasim Ali Shah. "Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13." Global Management Sciences Review, X.IV (2025): 27-44 Print.
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OXFORD : Rafiq, Ayesha and Shah, Qasim Ali (2025), "Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13", Global Management Sciences Review, X (IV), 27-44
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TURABIAN : Rafiq, Ayesha, and Qasim Ali Shah. "Climate on the Brink: Transforming Fragility into Resilience under SDG 13." Global Management Sciences Review X, no. IV (2025): 27-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2025(X-IV).03