ARTICLE

CHALLENGES FACED BY TEACHERS WHILE ADOPTING DIGITAL PEDAGOGY DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC IN PAKISTANI UNIVERSITIES

  1. HOME
  2. ARTICLE

02 Pages : 13-32

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-III).02      10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-III).02      Published : Sep 2021

Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities

Abstract

    Impacts of COVID-19 caused an immediate shut down in higher education worldwide. However, in response, higher education sectors adopted instructional technologies and shifted face to face classes into online classes. This sudden and unexpected transition challenged teachers, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. This study aimed to explore teachers’ teaching challenges during the pandemic. Data for the research were collected from three Pakistani universities; LUAWMS, University of Baluchistan and Turbat University, from the teachers' population through a self-developed questionnaire. In return, from 80 sent questionnaires via WhatsApp and E-mail, only71 well-filled responses were analyzed by SPSS (version 20). The findings examined teachers’ challenges in four areas;difficulty in immediate adoption of technology in pedagogy, challenges in online content delivery, satisfaction with students’ online assessment, and satisfaction with availability of resources for online classes. Moreover, the interpreted data have been explained and suggestions have been given for future study.

    Digital Pedagogy, Technological Complexities in Pedagogy, Teachers’ Training, Content Delivery, Students’ Assessment

    (1) Najeeb
    MS Scholar, Faculty of Education, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.
    (2) Niamatullah
    Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan.
    (3) Qayyam Dashti
    Department of Economics, University of Turbat, Turbat, Balochistan, Pakistan
Fulltext PDF

References

  • Abbasi, A. R., Sohail, M., Minhas, M. U., Khaliq, T., Kousar, M., Khan, S., Hussain, Z., & Munir, A. (2020). Bioinspired sodium alginate based thermosensitive hydrogel membranes for accelerated wound healing. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 155, 751-765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.2 48.
  • Ade, P., Aguirre, J., Ahmed, Z., Aiola, S., Ali, A., Alonso, D., ... & Madhavacheril, M. (2019). The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2019(02), 056.
  • Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers' attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47(4), 373- 398.
  • Al-Radaideh, Q. A., & Al-Qudah, G. Y. (2017). Application of rough set-based feature selection for Arabic sentiment analysis. Cognitive Computation, 9(4), 436- 445.
  • Andrews, D., Criscuolo, C., & Gal, P. N. (2015). Frontier firms, technology diffusion and public policy. Micro evidence from OECD countries.
  • Austin, E., Pan, W., & Shen, X. (2020). A new semiparametric approach to finite mixture of regressions using penalized regression via fusion. Statistica Sinica, 30(2), 783-807
  • Balasubramanyam, A., Sailaja, N., Mahboob, M., Rahman, M. F., Hussain, S. M., & Grover, P. (2009). In vivo genotoxicity assessment of aluminium oxide nanomaterials in rat peripheral blood cells using the comet assay and micronucleus test. Mutagenesis, 24(3), 245-251.
  • Baloch, N., Siming, L., Abraha, A., & Hong, S. (2021). Faculty research productivity: differences between foreign and local doctoral degree holders in Pakistan. Higher Education, 82(1), 203-225.
  • Berenguer, J., Ryan, P., Rodríguez-Baño, J., Jarrín, I., Carratalà, J., Pachón, J., ... & Jofre,C. S. (2020). Characteristics and predictors of death among 4035 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Spain. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26(11), 1525-1536.
  • Berlinger, N., Wynia, M., Powell, T., Hester, D. M., Milliken, A., Fabi, R., & Jenks, N. P. (2020). Ethical framework for health care institutions responding to novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) guidelines for institutional ethics services responding to COVID-19. The Hastings Center, 12.
  • Bingimlas, K. A. (2009). Barriers to the successful integration of ICT in teaching and learning environments: A review of the literature. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, science and technology education, 5(3), 235- 245.
  • Boyles, J. G., Cryan, P. M., McCracken, G. F., & Kunz, T. H. (2011). Economic importance of bats in agriculture. Science, 332(6025), 41-42.
  • Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., ... & Zhang, L. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The lancet, 395(10223), 507-513.
  • Chen, S., Yang, J., Yang, W., Wang, C., & Bärnighausen, T. (2020). COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year. The Lancet, 395(10226), 764-766.
  • Chennareddy, S. S. R., Agrawal, A., & Karuppiah, A. (2017). Modular Self- Reconfigurable Robotic Systems: A Survey on Hardware Architectures. Journal of Robotics, 2017, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5013532.
  • Chew, N. W., Lee, G. K., Tan, B. Y., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Ngiam, N. J., ... & Sharma, V. K. (2020). A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, 559-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.049
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research methods in education. routledge.
  • Content, J., Bosma, N., Jordaan, J., & Sanders, M. (2020). Entrepreneurial ecosystems, entrepreneurial activity and economic growth: new evidence from European regions. Regional Studies, 54(8), 1007-1019.
  • Crawford, J., Butler-Henderson, K., Rudolph, J., Malkawi, B., Glowatz, M., Burton, R., ... & Lam, S. (2020). COVID-19: 20 countries' higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(1), 1-20.
  • Dong, E., Du, H., & Gardner, L. (2020). An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time. The Lancet infectious diseases, 20(5), 533-534.
  • Dutheil, F., Baker, J. S., & Navel, V. (2020). COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution? Environmental Pollution, 263, 114466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.11446 6.
  • Ebron, K. (2021). Leave no one behind: COVID- 19 and its impact on childcare and education in urban areas. Cities & Health, 1- 7. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2021.1907 499.
  • El-Ashmouni, M. M., & Salama, A. M. (2020). Contemporary architecture of Cairo (1990- 2020): mutational plurality of
  • Elsaid, K., Sayed, E. T., Abdelkareem, M. A., Mahmoud, M. S., Ramadan, M., & Olabi, A. G. (2020). Environmental impact of emerging desalination technologies: A preliminary evaluation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8(5), 104099.
  • Ertmer, P. A., Paul, A., Molly, L., Eva, R., & Denise, W. (1999). Examining teachers' beliefs about the role of technology in the
  • Ertmer, P. A., Paul, A., Molly, L., Eva, R., & Denise, W. (1999). Examining teachers' beliefs about the role of technology in the elementary classroom. Journal of research on Computing in Education, 32(1), 54-72.
  • Ferris, H. (2015). The Use of Small Group Tutorials as an Educational Strategy in Medical Education. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 225-228
  • Flores, M. A., Barros, A., Simão, A. M. V., Pereira, D., Flores, P., Fernandes, E., Costa, L., & Ferreira, P. C. (2021). Portuguese higher education students' adaptation to online teaching and learning in times of the COVID-19 pandemic: personal and contextual factors. Higher Education, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00748-x.
  • Frankola, K. (2001). Training e-trainers. Learning Circuits
  • Fullan, M. (2010). Motion leadership: The skinny on becoming change savvy. Corwin Press.
  • Gabbert, S., Sidique, J. A. B., & Weikard, H. P. (2003). Risk-adjusted measures of undernourishment for Sub- Saharan African countries. In Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium on Measurement and Assessment of Food Deprivation and Undernutrition. Rome: FAO (pp. 237-239).
  • Garg, S., Kim, L., Whitaker, M., O'Halloran, A., Cummings, C., Holstein, R., ... & Fry, A. (2020). Hospitalization rates and characteristics of patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019-COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(15), 458
  • Göktas, E., Athanasopoulos, E., Bos, H., & Portokalidis, G. (2014, May). Out of control: Overcoming control- flow integrity. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (pp. 575-589). IEEE.
  • González-Sanguino, C., Ausín, B., Castellanos, M. Á., Saiz, J., López-Gómez, A., Ugidos, C., & Muñoz, M. (2020). Mental health consequences during the initial stage of the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Spain. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 172- 176.
  • Hara, N., & Kling, R. (1999). Students' frustrations with a web-based distance education course.
  • Havers, F. P., Reed, C., Lim, T., Montgomery, J. M., Klena, J. D., Hall, A. J., ... & Thornburg, N. J. (2020). Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 10 sites in the United States, March 23-May 12, 2020. JAMA internal medicine, 180(12), 1576-1586.
  • Jaffe, E. A., Hoyer, L. W., & Nachman, R. L. (1974). Synthesis of von Willebrand factor by cultured human endothelial cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 71(5), 1906-1909.
  • Kayyali, M. (2020). Post COVID-19: New Era for Higher Education Systems. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 8(2), 131-145.
  • Kerres, M. (2020). Against all odds: Education in Germany coping with Covid-19. Postdigital Science and Education, 2(3), 690-694. University of Passau, 2020
  • Kindl, M., Blažeković, B., Bucar, F., & Vladimir- Knežević, S. (2015). Antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of six thymus species. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015.
  • Kiuhara, S. A., Gillespie Rouse, A., Dai, T., Witzel, B. S., Morphy, P., & Unker, B. (2020). Constructing written arguments to develop fraction knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 584.
  • Kling, R. (2000). Learning about information technologies and social change: The contribution of social informatics. The information society, 16(3), 217-232.
  • Li, Q., Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., Tong, Y., ... & Feng, Z. (2020). Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. New England journal of medicine
  • Lozito, T. P., & Tuan, R. S. (2015). Lizard tail regeneration: regulation of two distinct cartilage regions by Indian hedgehog. Developmental Biology, 399(2), 249-262.
  • McLean, S., Alleyne, D., Hendrickson, M., Pantin, M., Skerrette, N., Charles, D., ... & Tokuda, H. (2019). Economic Survey of the Caribbean 2018
  • Mehran, R., Aymong, E. D., Nikolsky, E., Lasic, Z., Iakovou, I., Fahy, M., ... & Dangas, G. (2004). A simple risk score for prediction of contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention: development and initial validation. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 44(7), 1393-1399.
  • Olapiriyakul, K., & Scher, J. M. (2006). A guide to establishing hybrid learning courses: Employing information technology to create a new learning experience, and a case study. The Internet and Higher Education, 9(4), 287-301.
  • Owusu-Fordjour, C., Koomson, C. K., & Hanson, D. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on learning-the perspective of the Ghanaian student. European Journal of Education Studies, 7(3), 88-101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3753586
  • Park, S. Y. (2009). An analysis of the technology acceptance model in understanding university students' behavioral intention to use e-learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 12(3), 150-162.
  • Petersen, E., Koopmans, M., Go, U., Hamer, D. H., Petrosillo, N., Castelli, F., ... & Simonsen, L. (2020). Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. The Lancet infectious diseases, 20(9), e238-e244. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473- 3099(20)30484-9.
  • Petrides, L. A. (2002). Web-based technologies for distributed (or distance) learning: Creating learning-centered educational experiences in the higher education classroom. International journal of instructional media, 29(1), 69.
  • Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R., & Ives, B. (2001). Web- Based Virtual Learning Environments: A Research Framework and a Preliminary Assessment of Effectiveness in Basic IT Skills Training. MIS Quarterly, 25(4), 401- 426. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250989.
  • Priest, H., Roberts, P., & Woods, L. (2002). An overview of three different approaches to the interpretation of qualitative data. Part 1: Theoretical issues.
  • Qureshi, I. A., Ilyas, K., Yasmin, R., & Whitty, M. (2012). Challenges of implementing e- learning in a Pakistani university. Knowledge Management & E- Learning: An International Journal, 4(3), 310- 324.
  • Rajab, M. H., Gazal, A. M., & Alkattan, K. (2020). Challenges to Online Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8966
  • Revkin, M. R., & Ahram, A. I. (2020). Perspectives on the rebel social contract: Exit, voice, and loyalty in the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. World Development, 132, 104981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.104 981.
  • Robinson, M., & Rusznyak, L. (2020). Learning to teach without school-based experience: conundrums and possibilities in a South African context. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 517-527.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well- being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166.
  • Sahin, I., & Thompson, A. (2007). Analysis of predictive factors that influence faculty members technology adoption level. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 15(2), 167-190.
  • Schleicher, A. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on education insights from education at a glance 2020. Retrieved from oecd. org website: https://www.oecd.org/education/the-impact-of- covid-19-on-education-insights-education-at-a- glance-2020.pdf.
  • Schoen, A. A. (2005). Culturally Sensitive Counseling for Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 32(3), 253.
  • Schrum, L. (1999). Technology professional development for teachers. Educational technology research and development, 47(4), 83-90.
  • Shinkaruk, S., Bayle, M., Lain, G., & Deleris, G. (2003). Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), an emerging target for cancer chemotherapy. Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents, 3(2), 95-117.
  • Song, J. T., Lu, H., McDowell, J. M., & Greenberg, J. T. (2004). A key role for ALD1 in activation of local and systemic defenses in Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal, 40(2), 200- 212.
  • Spiegel, M., & Tookes, H. (2020). Business restrictions and Covid-19 fatalities1. Covid Economics, 20.
  • Surry, D. W., Ensminger, D. C., & Haab, M. (2005). A model for integrating instructional technology into higher education. British journal of educational technology, 36(2), 327-329
  • Tan, Y. J., Godaba, H., Chen, G., Tan, S. T. M., Wan, G., Li, G.,... & Tee, B. C. (2020). A transparent, self-healing and high-κ dielectric for low-field-emission stretchable optoelectronics. Nature materials, 19(2),182- 188.
  • Vonderwell, S. (2003). An examination of asynchronous communication experiences and perspectives of students in an online course: A case study. The Internet and higher education, 6(1), 77-90.
  • Wang, L., Zheng, C., Zhou, W., & Zhou, W. X. (2020). A new principle for tuning-free Huber regression. Statistica Sinica.
  • Ye, H., & Law, R. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on hospitality and tourism education: a case study of Hong Kong. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 21(4), 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2021.1875 967.

Cite this article

APA

    APA : Najeeb., Niamatullah., & Dashti, Q. (2021). Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities. Global Management Sciences Review, VI(III), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-III).02

CHICAGO

    CHICAGO : Najeeb, , Niamatullah, and Qayyam Dashti. 2021. "Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities." Global Management Sciences Review, VI (III): 13-32 doi: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-III).02

HARVARD

    HARVARD : NAJEEB., NIAMATULLAH. & DASHTI, Q. 2021. Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities. Global Management Sciences Review, VI, 13-32.

MHRA

    MHRA : Najeeb, , Niamatullah, and Qayyam Dashti. 2021. "Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities." Global Management Sciences Review, VI: 13-32

MLA

    MLA : Najeeb, , Niamatullah, and Qayyam Dashti. "Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities." Global Management Sciences Review, VI.III (2021): 13-32 Print.

OXFORD

    OXFORD : Najeeb, , Niamatullah, , and Dashti, Qayyam (2021), "Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities", Global Management Sciences Review, VI (III), 13-32

TURABIAN

    TURABIAN : Najeeb, , Niamatullah, and Qayyam Dashti. "Challenges Faced by Teachers while Adopting Digital Pedagogy during Covid-19 Pandemic in Pakistani Universities." Global Management Sciences Review VI, no. III (2021): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-III).02