ARTICLE

GENDER ROLE AND MANAGING RESPONSIBILITIES A CASE STUDY OF WOMEN WITH MALE MIGRATION IN MIRPUR AZAD KASHMIR

04 Pages : 36-44

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-IV).04      10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-IV).04      Published : Dec 2021

Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir

    The decision to migrate actively involves women as they gradually take on increased responsibilities in running the households on their own, for the health and education of their children, and management of their funds and properties. The research was conducted in Mirpur Azad Kashmir, which aimed to study the effects of male out-migration on the females of the emigrants’ families. The data collected was qualitative with a descriptive research methodology. In-depth interviews and case studies are the tools of research. The study’s findings reveal three types of effects on the women of these families. First is women’s autonomy, second revolves around financial hardship and increased responsibilities. Third, it is termed a consequence of weakening or strengthening the relationship between husband and wife.

    Emigrant, Gender, Responsibilities, Male Migration, Women Role
    (1) Mahwish Zeeshan
    Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
    (2) Sadaf Zaheer
    M.Sc Student, Department of Anthropology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Abbasi, S. R. S. & Sheikh, K. (2000). Impact of Foreign Employment on the Social Development of Migrants' Families Left behind in Pakistan. Journal of Rural Development and Administration, 32(3), 88- 101.
  • Bose, A. (2000). Demography of Himalayan Villages: Missing Men and Lonely Women. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(27), 2361-2363. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4409463.
  • Chaudhry, A. G., & Zeeshan, M. (2019). Migration's Impacts on Diminishing Lingual Heritage. Global Language Review, 4(1), 60-65.
  • Conway, D., & Cohen, J. H. (2008). Consequences of Migration and Remittances for Mexican Transnational Communities*. Economic Geography, 74(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944- 8287.1998.tb00103.x.
  • Dion, K. K., & Dion, K. L. (2001). Gender and Cultural Adaptation in Immigrant Families. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 511-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00226.
  • Donald, I. (1972). Push and Pull Factors of Migration. International Encyclopedia of Social Science. The Macmillan Company and Free Press. New York.
  • Grieco, E.M., & Boyd, M. (1998). Women and migration: incorporating gender into international migration theory. Migration information source 1, 1-7.
  • Gulti, T. (2011).
  • Hägerstrand, T. (1989). Phenomena of migration In: Migration in a Potowar Village. M.Sc Thesis, Department of Anthropology, Quaid - e- Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan. 63-72.
  • Howell, J. (1999). Expanding women's roles in southern Mexico: Educated, employed Oaxaqueñas. Journal of Anthropological Research, 55(1),99-127.
  • Hugo, G. (2002). Effects of international migration on the family in Indonesia. Asian and Pacific migration journal, 11(1), 13-46.
  • Ijaz, G. Khan, M, F. & Iqbal, M. (1981). Labor migration from Pakistan to the Middle East and its impact on the domestic economy: part I.
  • Iqbal, S. A. (2007). Earning the Ashes. An ethnography of return migrants in Punjab 25-26.
  • Jetley. S. (1987). Male migration: Dynamics, issues and difficulties of left-behind families. Asian and Pacific Journal of Social Sciences journal, 4, 44-53.
  • Khafagy, F. A. (1982). Socio-economic impact of emigration from El-Quebabat village. Population Studies, 61, 39-45.
  • Lee, E. (1972). Population: An introduction to concepts and issues. 5th (ed). Wadsworth Publishing Company: Belmont. California. USA. 5th (ed).
  • Louhichi, K. (1997).
  • Mincer, J. (1978). Family migration decisions. Journal of Political Economy, 86(5), 749-773.
  • Molar, N. (2003). Main usage of remittances of the left-behind families of migrants. International Encyclopedia of Economics. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers London 34-37.
  • Newman, R. J. (1983). Industry Migration and Growth in the South. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65(1), 76-86. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924411.
  • O'laughlin, B. (1998). Missing men? The debate over rural poverty and women-headed households in Southern Africa. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 25(2), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066159808438665.
  • Palmer, I. (1985). The impact of male out-migration on women in farming.
  • Pribilsky, J. (2004). Aprendemos A Convivir': Conjugal Relations, Co-parenting, and Family Life among Ecuadorian Transnational Migrants in New York and the Ecuadorian Andes. Global networks 4(3),313-334.
  • SAMP. (2004). South Africa: Mainstreaming Migration Jonathan Crush and Sally Parody. Southern Africa Migration.
  • Ukwatta, S. (2003). Male Migration and Marti weighted Households. United Nation Economic Commission for Western Asia, and International Migration in the Arab World, 7 (1), 23-26.
  • Zeeshan, M., & Sultana, A. (2020). Return migration to Pakistan during Covid-19 pandemic: Unmaking the challenges. Pakistan Perspectives, 25(1).

Cite this article

    APA : Zeeshan, M., & Zaheer, S. (2021). Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Global Management Sciences Review, VI(IV), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-IV).04
    CHICAGO : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Sadaf Zaheer. 2021. "Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir." Global Management Sciences Review, VI (IV): 36-44 doi: 10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-IV).04
    HARVARD : ZEESHAN, M. & ZAHEER, S. 2021. Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir. Global Management Sciences Review, VI, 36-44.
    MHRA : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Sadaf Zaheer. 2021. "Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir." Global Management Sciences Review, VI: 36-44
    MLA : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Sadaf Zaheer. "Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir." Global Management Sciences Review, VI.IV (2021): 36-44 Print.
    OXFORD : Zeeshan, Mahwish and Zaheer, Sadaf (2021), "Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir", Global Management Sciences Review, VI (IV), 36-44
    TURABIAN : Zeeshan, Mahwish, and Sadaf Zaheer. "Gender Role and Managing Responsibilities: A Case Study of Women with Male Migration in Mirpur Azad Kashmir." Global Management Sciences Review VI, no. IV (2021): 36-44. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmsr.2021(VI-IV).04